Analysis of the elaboration process of biodegradable dishes with Ecuadorian leaves.
Análisis del proceso de elaboración de platos biodegradables mediante la utilización de hojas de plantas ecuatorianas.
Keywords:
biodegradables; platos desechables; hojas de plantas; sostenibilidad; innovaciónAbstract
This study addresses the growing problem of disposable plastic consumption in the country, which represents 40% of total plastic waste and generates a significant environmental impact. In response to this situation, an innovation in the disposable packaging market is proposed through the production of biodegradable plates from leaves of native Ecuadorian plants. The research focuses on analyzing the production process of the plates: based on two techniques, the first one, using a conventional oven, within this process the sheets were disinfected, adhered with binder, we heated them and for the shape we used molds, the second using a thermoforming machine repeating the steps of disinfection and adherence, the molds were heated directly so that the material acquires the shape of the plates. The process with the thermoforming machine is optimal for the manufacture of plates with the desired characteristics, such as resistance and durability. The thermoforming process was optimized by adjusting the machinery and temperature parameters. The results showed that preheating at 65 C followed by thermoforming at 160°C was not optimal, the plate lost its shape and adherence due to the excessive drying process. A a different way of molding was tried, heating the sheets with the help of the thermoformer and drying them at room temperature, but the material lost its shape. Lately, it was selected a method that involved an initial drying at room temperature after disinfecting correctly. The mixture to obtain the biodegradable plate was the union of leaves, cardboard and binder to later apply a drying at room temperature inside the molds. This method allowed us to obtain more stable and durable plates. The most important axis considered is based on adjusting the temperatures and drying times to find the optimum point of humidity and resistance.
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